HVAC: Terminology

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A

AC: Abbreviation for alternating current, a type of electric current in which the polarity is constantly reversing causing the electron flow to reverse.

ACCA: Air Conditioning Contractors of America.

Acoustical: Of or pertaining to sound.

A-Coil: Evaporator coil consisting of two diagonal coils that are joined together in a manner that looks like the letter "A".

AFUE: Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency.

AGA: American Gas Association, Inc.

Air Conditioner: Any device that can change the temperature, humidity or general quality of the air.

Air cleaner: Any device that removes undesirable particles from moving air.

Air flow Volume: The amount of air the system circulates through your home, expressed in cubic feet per minute (cfm). Proper airflow depends on the outdoor unit, the indoor unit, the ductwork and even whether the filters are clean.

Air handler: Air moving and/or mixing unit. Residential air handlers include a blower, a coil, an expansion device, a heater rack and a filter. Heaters for air handlers are sold as accessories. In some models heaters are factory installed.

ARI: Air Conditioning & Refrigeration Institute.

ASHRAE: American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers.

B

BTU: British thermal unit. The amount of heat required to raise or lower the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit. The heat extracted from your home by an air conditioner is measured in BTUs.

BTUH: British thermal units per hour. 12,000 BTUh equals one ton of cooling.

Burner: A device that uses fuel to support combustion.

Burner Orifice: The opening through which gas flows to the air/gas mixing chamber of the burner.

Burner (sealed combustion): A burner that obtains all air for combustion from outside the heated space.

C

Capacity: The output or producing ability of cooling or heating systems. Cooling and heating capacities are referred to in British thermal units (BTUs) per hour.

Celsius: The metric temperature scale in which water freezes at zero degrees and boils at 100 degrees, designated by the symbol "C". To convert to Fahrenheit, multiply a Celsius temperature by 9, divide by 5 and add 32 (25 x 9 equals 225, divided by 5 equals 45, plus 32 equals 77 degrees Fahrenheit).

CFM: Abbreviation for cubic feet per minute, a standard measurement of airflow. A typical system requires 400 cfm per ton of air conditioning.

Charge: Adding refrigerant to a system. This is refrigerant contained in a sealed system or in the sensing bulb to a thermostatic expansion valve.

Climatuff® Compressor: The Trane Climatuff® Compressor was the world's first successful heat pump compressor. To this day it's the only compressor Trane uses in its residential systems. It's well known for its superior durability, low noise levels and high efficiency.

ComfortR™ Coil or Evaporator Coil: A Trane Comfort Coil is the other, less visible half of your air conditioning system and is located inside your home in the indoor unit. It's a tubing coil in which a volatile liquid evaporates and absorbs heat. This is where the refrigerant evaporates as it absorbs heat from the indoor air that passes over the coil. It serves as a "heat exchanger," moving heat into your home in the winter and away from your home in the summer.

ComfortR™ Airflow System: An exclusive feature of a high efficiency home comfort system from Trane. This method of ramping airflow gives you greater humidity control when cooling and provides warmer air during heating start up.

Compressor: This is the heart of an air conditioning or heat pump system. It is part of the outdoor unit and pumps refrigerant to meet the cooling requirements of the system.

Condensate: Vapor that liquefies due to the lowering of its temperature to the saturation point.

Condenser coil: (or outdoor coil): In an air conditioner, the coil dissipates heat from the refrigerant, changing the refrigerant from vapor to liquid. In a heat pump system, the coil absorbs heat from the outdoors.

Condenser Fan: The fan that circulates air over the air cooled condenser, which is located outside of your home.

Contactor: A switch that can repeatedly cycle, making and breaking an electrical circuit. When sufficient current flows through the coil built into the contactor, the resulting magnetic field causes the contacts to be pulled in or closed allowing the flow of electricity.

Crankcase Heater: This is the electric resistance heater installed on compressor crankcases to boil off liquid refrigerant that may have combined with compressor oil. Many newer cooling systems do not require crankcase heaters; however heat pumps do require crankcase heaters.

D

DC: Direct Current Electricity. This type of electricity (as opposed to Alternating Current, or AC) flows in one direction only, without reversing polarity.

Damper: Found in ductwork, this movable plate opens and closes to control airflow. Dampers can be used to balance airflow in a duct system. They are also used in zoning to regulate airflow to certain rooms.

Defrost: To melt frost; as in from an air conditioner or heat pump coil.

Dehumidifier: An air cooler that removes moisture from the air.

Diffuser: A grille over an air supply duct having vanes to distribute the discharging air in a specific pattern or direction.

DOE: Department of Energy

Down Flow Furnace: A furnace that intakes air at its top and discharges air at its bottom.

Drain Pan: Also referred to as a condensate pan. This is a pan used to catch and collect condensate (in residential systems vapor is liquefied on the indoor coil, collected in the drain pan and removed through a drain line).

Dry Bulb Temperature: Heat intensity, measured by a dry bulb thermometer.

Dry Bulb Thermometer: An instrument that measures air temperature independently of humidity.

Ductwork: An object through which air is delivered. Ducts are typically made of metal, fiberboard or a flexible material. In a home comfort system, the size and application of ductwork is critical to performance and is as important as the equipment.

DXDirect Expansion: A system in which heat is transferred by the direct expansion of refrigerant.

E

EER: Energy Efficiency Ratio (steady state).

ENERGY STAR: High efficiency systems carry the ENERGY STAR label.ENERGY STAR products are more energy efficient and help reduce our whole earth's pollution problems. Choosing a ENERGY STAR Comfort System assures homeowners of lower energy bills and improved indoor air quality for their home.

EPA: Environmental Protection Agency.

Expansion Valve: A refrigerant metering valve with a pressure or temperature controlled orifice.

Evaporator Coil (or Indoor Coil): The other half of an air conditioning system, located inside your home in the indoor unit. This is a tubing coil in which a volatile liquid evaporates and absorbs heat. This is where the refrigerant evaporates as it absorbs heat from the indoor air that passes over the coil.

F

Fahrenheit: The temperature scale on which water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees; designated by the letter F. To convert Fahrenheit to Celsius, subtract 32 from the Fahrenheit number, multiply by 5 and divide by 9 (77 32 equals 45, times 5 equals 225, divided by 9 equals 25 degrees Celsius).

Fan: Any device that creates air currents.

Filter: Any device that removes impurities through a straining process.

Flue: Any vent or passageway that carries the products of combustion from a furnace.

Furnace: A part of the heating system in which the combustion of fossil fuel and transfer of heat occurs.

Fuse: A device in an electrical circuit that melts and breaks the circuit when excessive current flows through it. The fuse is designed to break in order to save more expensive electrical components.

G

GAMA: Gas Appliance Manufacturers Association.

Gas Furnace Heat Exchanger: Located in the furnace, the heat exchanger transfers heat to the surrounding air, which is then distributed throughout your home.

H

Heat Exchanger: An area, box or coil where heat flows from the warmer to the colder fluid or surface.

Heat load, Heat loss, Heat gain: Terms for the amount of heating (heat loss) or cooling (heat gain) needed to maintain desired temperatures and humidity's in controlled air. Regardless of how well-insulated and sealed a building is, buildings gain heat from sunlight, conduction through the walls, and internal heat sources such as people and electrical equipment. Buildings lose heat through conduction during cold weather. Kozy Services uses a heat load calculation to determine the HVAC needs of the space being cooled or heated.

Heat Pump: A mechanical compression cycle refrigeration system that can be reversed to either heat or cool the controlled space.

Heat Transfer: The movement of heat energy from one point to another. The means for such movement are conduction, convection, and radiation.

Hertz: In alternating current (AC electricity), the number of cycles per second.

HSPF: Heating Seasonal Performance Factor. This rating is used in measuring the heating efficiency of a heat pump. The higher the number, the more efficient the heat pump system.

Humidifier: A machine that adds water vapor to the air to increase humidity.

Humidistat: A humidity sensing control that cycles the humidifier on and off.

Humidity: The presence of water vapor in the air.

Humidity: Absolute Weight of water vapor per cubic foot of dry air, expressed as grains of moisture per cubic foot.

HVAC: Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning.

I

Ignition: The lighting of a fuel to make it burn.

K

Kilowatt: (1kW) = 1,000 watts.

L

Latent Heat: A type of heat, which when added to or taken from a substance, does not change the temperature of the substance. Instead, the heat energy enables the substance to change its state.

M

Media: The material in a filter that traps and holds the impurities.

N

NEC: National Energy Council / National Electric Code

NEMA: National Electrical Manufacturing Association

NATE: North American technician Excellence

O

OEM: Original equipment manufacturer.

Orifice: A device used to meter the refrigerant that enters the evaporator coil.

P

Package Unit: A heating and cooling system contained in one outdoor unit. A package unit is typically installed in commercial applications. Some homes do have Package Units.

PSI: Pounds per square inch.

PSIA: Pounds per square inch, absolute.

PSIG: Pounds per square inch gauge.

PVC: Polyvinyl chloride; a type of plastic.

R

Reciprocating Compressor: A compressor whose piston or pistons move back and forth in the cylinders.

Refrigerant: A chemical that produces a refrigerating effect while expanding and vaporizing.

Refrigerant Charge: The required amount of refrigerant used in a system to insure proper operation.

Relative Humidity: The amount of moisture in the air expressed as a percentage of the maximum amount that the air is capable of holding at a specific temperature.

S

SEER: (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio). Formula used to measure the cooling efficiency for all air conditioners and heat pumps. The higher the SEER number is, the more energy efficient the unit. The U.S. Government's minimum SEER rating is 13.

Self-Contained Systems; A Heating and cooling system that can be moved without disconnecting any refrigerant lines; also known as a package unit.

Sensible Heat: The heat which, when added to or taken away from a substance, causes a rise or fall in temperature.

Sensor: Any device that reacts to a change in the conditions being measured, permitting the condition to be controlled.

Set point: The temperature or pressure at which a controller is set with the expectation that this will be a nominal value depending on the range of the controller.

Spine Fin™ Coil: An aluminum outdoor coil that features the patented Spine Fin™ design. It provides greater heat exchanging capabilities (meaning higher efficiencies) and is more resistant to corrosion than traditional copper/aluminum

Split System: The combination of an outdoor unit (air conditioner or heat pump) with an indoor unit (furnace or air handler). Split systems must be matched for optimum efficiency.

T

TXV: A refrigerant metering device that maintains a constant evaporator temperature by monitoring suction vapor superheat.

Thermostat: A device mounted in the conditioned area that monitors and controls the function of a heating and cooling system.

Ton: A unit of measurement used for determining cooling capacity. One ton is the equivalent of 12,000 BTUs per hour.

Two-stages heating / Two-stage cooling: Two-stage heating and cooling is considered to be more efficient, because it operates at low speed most of the time. However, on days when more heating or air conditioning is required, it switches to the next stage for maximum comfort.

U

U-Factor: The factor representing resistance to heat flow of various building materials.

UL: Underwriters Laboratories.

Up Flow Furnace: A furnace in which air is drawn in through the sides or bottom and discharged out the top.

V

Vacuum :A pressure below atmospheric pressure. A perfect vacuum is 30 inches Mercury (periodic symbol "Hg").

Variables peed motor(s):The fan motor inside Trane's variable speed air handlers is designed to vary its speed based on your home's heating and air conditioning requirements. Working in conjunction with your thermostat, it keeps the appropriate temperature of air circulating throughout your home, reducing temperature variances in your home. It also provides greater air circulation and filtration, better temperature distribution, humidity control, higher efficiency, and quiet performance.

Volts:The unit of measure used to describe a difference in electrical potential.

Voltage:The force that pushes electrical current along wires and cables.

W

Watts:The unit of electrical power equal to the flow of one amp at a potential difference of one volt.

Wet Bulb Thermometer:A thermometer that has a bulb covered with a piece of water soaked cloth. The lowering of temperature which results from the evaporation of water around the bulb indicates the air's relative humidity.

Z

Zoning System:A method of dividing a home into different comfort zones so each zone can be independently controlled depending on use and need; an air conditioning system capable of maintaining varying conditions for various rooms or zones.

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